Agriculture
About half of Morocco’s labor force are engaged in agriculture, which contributes about 20% of the gross domestic product. Commercial agriculture, including cash crops grown for export, is concentrated on the Atlantic coastal plain and in the Rharb basin. Wheat and barley, sugar beets, rice, and cotton constitute the chief crops for domestic consumption, and citrus fruits, winter vegetables, and grapes for wine are the principal export crops.
Large, mechanized farms cover about one-third of the land presently available for cultivation and account for 85% of the total agricultural output. There are irrigation projects along most major rivers.
Mining, Industry, and Power
Morocco leads the world in the production and export of phosphates. Manufacturing is concentrated around Casablanca and Rabat. Industries in addition to the processing of phosphates include food processing and the manufacture of textiles, plastics, leather goods, glassware, furniture, machine tools, and electrical equipment. Manufactured goods rose from only 5% of exports in 1970 to 46% in 1989. The fishing industry has also increased in importance. Electricity consumption in 1989 was 9.056 million kW h.
Foreign Trade
Morocco’s leading exports are phosphates and phosphate products, citrus fruits, and semiprocessed goods. Petroleum, foodstuffs, chemicals, and machinery are the major imports. Attempts to reduce the dependence on imported oil are being made. Morocco has an adverse balance of trade and a large foreign debt and depends on foreign aid. Since 1976, Moroccan products have had preferred status within the European Community (EC). Tourism and salaries earned by Moroccan workers in EC countries, principally in France, are significant sources of foreign exchange. In the early 1990s the trade deficit was reduced by increased agricultural and industrial output, but foreign debt problems continued.
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